Hemp Research — Page 187

Peer-reviewed industrial hemp research papers, sorted by publication date. Browse the latest findings on hemp cultivation, processing, materials science, biomedical applications, and regulatory science from PubMed, OpenAlex, and other indexed sources.

Altered Expression of Ion Channels in White Matter Lesions of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: What Do We Know About Their Function? (2021)

Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), knowledge about contribution of individual ion channels to axonal impairment and remyelination failure in progressive MS remains incomplete. Ion channel families play a fundamental role in maintaining white matter (WM) integrity and in regulating WM activities in axons, interstitial neurons, glia, and vascular cells. Recently, transcriptomic studies have considerably increased insight into the ge

Immunomodulatory Mechanism and Potential Therapies for Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage (2020)

Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability in neonates. Currently, the only available licensed treatment for perinatal HI is hypothermia. However, it alone is not sufficient to prevent the brain injuries and/or neurological dysfunction related to HI. Perinatal HI can activate the immune system and trigger the peripheral and central responses which involve the immune cell activation, increase in production of immune mediators and release of reactive oxygen spec

Acute symptomatic seizures secondary to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (2022)

MOG-IgG evaluation should be considered in patients who present with encephalitis and focal motor and/or focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, especially pediatric patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain findings consistent with CCE, ADEM, or other MOGAD presentations. The majority of these seizures are self-limited and do not require maintenance/chronic antiseizure medications. Although seizure recurrence is uncommon, many patients have MOGAD relapses in the form of encephaliti

In‐hospital and home‐based long‐term monitoring of focal epilepsy with a wearable electroencephalographic device: Diagnostic yield and user experience (2023)

Focal seizure detection sensitivity based on behind-the-ear EEG was 52% in inpatients and 23% in outpatients, with high false alarm rates and low PPV and F1 scores. This unobtrusive wearable seizure detection device was well received but had side effects. The current workflow and low performance limit its implementation in clinical practice. We suggest different steps to improve these performance metrics and patient experience.

A practical approach to in-hospital management of new-onset refractory status epilepticus/febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (2023)

New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is "a clinical presentation, not a specific diagnosis, in a patient without active epilepsy or other preexisting relevant neurological disorder, with new onset of refractory status epilepticus without a clear acute or active structural, toxic, or metabolic cause." Febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is "a subcategory of NORSE that requires a prior febrile infection, with fever starting between 2 weeks and 24 h before the onset of re

New insights on the potential anti‐epileptic effect of metformin: Mechanistic pathway (2023)

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures. Epilepsy is observed as a well-controlled disease by anti-epileptic agents (AEAs) in about 69%. However, 30%-40% of epileptic patients fail to respond to conventional AEAs leading to an increase in the risk of brain structural injury and mortality. Therefore, adding some FDA-approved drugs that have an anti-seizure activity to the anti-epileptic regimen is logical. The anti-diabetic agent metformin has anti-seizure a

The coming decade of digital brain research: A vision for neuroscience at the intersection of technology and computing (2024)

In recent years, brain research has indisputably entered a new epoch, driven by substantial methodological advances and digitally enabled data integration and modelling at multiple scales-from molecules to the whole brain. Major advances are emerging at the intersection of neuroscience with technology and computing. This new science of the brain combines high-quality research, data integration across multiple scales, a new culture of multidisciplinary large-scale collaboration, and translation i

<p>Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): prevalence, impact and management strategies</p> (2019)

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare catastrophic epileptic encephalopathy with a yet undefined etiology, affecting healthy children. It is characterized by acute manifestation of recurrent seizures or refractory status epilepticus preceded by febrile illness, but without evidence of infectious encephalitis. To date, the absence of specific biomarkers poses a significant diagnostic challenge; nonetheless, early diagnosis is very important for optimal management. FIRES is

Psychotropic Drugs for the Management of Chronic Pain and Itch (2019)

Clinical observations have shown that patients with chronic neuropathic pain or itch exhibit symptoms of increased anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment. Such patients need corrective therapy with antidepressants, antipsychotics or anticonvulsants. It is known that some psychotropic drugs are also effective for the treatment of neuropathic pain and pruritus syndromes due to interaction with the secondary molecular targets. Our own clinical studies have identified antipruritic and/or analg

A narrative review on treatment strategies for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (2023)

TH successfully improves outcomes after HIE, and it continues to be optimized. Larger studies are needed to understand its use in mild cases of HIE and if certain factors, such as sex, affect long term outcomes. TH primarily acts in the initial phases of injury, while new pharmaceutical therapies target additional injury pathways into the tertiary phases of injury. This may allow for more effective approaches to treatment and improvement of long-term functional outcomes after HIE.

Use of Zebrafish Models to Boost Research in Rare Genetic Diseases (2021)

Rare genetic diseases are a group of pathologies with often unmet clinical needs. Even if rare by a single genetic disease (from 1/2000 to 1/more than 1,000,000), the total number of patients concerned account for approximatively 400 million peoples worldwide. Finding treatments remains challenging due to the complexity of these diseases, the small number of patients and the challenge in conducting clinical trials. Therefore, innovative preclinical research strategies are required. The zebrafish

Somatostatin-Positive Interneurons Contribute to Seizures in SCN8A Epileptic Encephalopathy (2021)

<i>SCN8A</i> epileptic encephalopathy is a devastating epilepsy syndrome caused by mutant <i>SCN8A</i>, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Na<sub>V</sub>1.6. To date, it is unclear if and how inhibitory interneurons, which express Na<sub>V</sub>1.6, influence disease pathology. Using both sexes of a transgenic mouse model of <i>SCN8A</i> epileptic encephalopathy, we found that selective expression of the R1872W <i>SCN8A</i> mutation in somatostatin (SST) interneurons was sufficient t

Anti-seizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (2021)

RCTs of monotherapy and head-to-head comparison of add-on ASMs are currently lacking. However, we found high-certainty evidence for overall seizure reduction with add-on lamotrigine and rufinamide, with low-certainty evidence for AE leading to study discontinuation compared with add-on placebo or another add-on ASM. The evidence for other add-on ASMs for overall seizure cessation or reduction was low to very low with high- to low-certainty evidence for AE leading to study discontinuation. Future

Gabapentin: Clinical Use and Pharmacokinetics in Dogs, Cats, and Horses (2023)

Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant drug, which presents an established clinical efficacy in human patients for the management of refractory partial seizures, secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and for the control of chronic neuropathic pain. Gabapentin was synthesized as a structural analogue of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, with GABA-mimetic effects, able to cross the blood-brain barrier. In veterinary medicine, is extra-label used in combination with other treatments to contro

Transcranial current stimulation in epilepsy: A systematic review of the fundamental and clinical aspects (2022)

Both tDCS and tACS are promising techniques for epilepsy patients. Although the clinical effects of tDCS have been repeatedly assessed, only one clinical trial has involved a consistent number of epileptic patients and little knowledge is present about the clinical outcome of tACS. To fill this gap, multicenter studies on tES in epileptic patients are needed involving novel methods such as personalized stimulation protocols based on computational modeling. Furthermore, there is a need for more <

Novel therapies for epilepsy in the pipeline (2019)

Peer-reviewed industrial hemp research by Boulenouar Mesraoua; Dirk Deleu; Dimitri M. Kullmann; Ashok K. Shetty; Paul Boon; Emilio Perucca; Mohamad A. Mikati; Ali A. Asadi‐Pooya published in Epilepsy & Behavior (2019).

Strategies for Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis and the Role of Calcium (2020)

Calcium ions are vital for maintaining the physiological and biochemical processes inside cells. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly dependent on calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD), as well as with multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, the modulation of calcium influx into the cells and the targeting of calcium-mediated signaling pa

Digital Medical Cannabis as Market Differentiator: Second-Generation Artificial Intelligence Systems to Improve Response (2022)

Legalized use of cannabis products and the rising interest in their therapeutic benefits have opened up new opportunities for therapy and marketing. However, the marked variability in formulations, administration modes, therapeutic regimens, and inter- and intra-subject responses make the standardization of medical cannabis-based regimens difficult. Legalization has made the cannabis market highly competitive and lowered the revenue margins. This study reviews some of the challenges in medical c

State of the Art and Challenges in Epilepsy—A Narrative Review (2023)

Epilepsy is a common condition worldwide, with approximately 50 million people suffering from it. A single seizure does not mean epilepsy; almost 10% of the population can have a seizure during their lifetime. In particular, there are many other central nervous system disorders other than epilepsy in which seizures occur, either transiently or as a comorbid condition. The impact of seizures and epilepsy is, therefore, widespread and easily underestimated. It is estimated that about 70% of patien