Hemp Research — Page 155

Peer-reviewed industrial hemp research papers, sorted by publication date. Browse the latest findings on hemp cultivation, processing, materials science, biomedical applications, and regulatory science from PubMed, OpenAlex, and other indexed sources.

Epilepsy in Cerebral Palsy: A Brief Narrative Review (2022)

Cerebral palsy is defined as “A group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior, by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems [1].” Between 30-40% of people with cerebral palsy also have e

Acute toxic hippocampal encephalopathy in heavy cannabis users: A case report (2024)

Cannabis use is increasing rapidly among young people worldwide despite the deleterious effects of this toxic substance on health. We report a case of acute hippocampal encephalopathy in a heavy cannabis user (8-10 joints/d for 6 years) who presented with a nonfebrile status epilepticus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral and symmetrical high-signal abnormalities in the hippocampal regions. The damage to these regions is often severe, long-lasting, and sometimes irreversible. Th

Therapeutic Approach to Epilepsy in Patients with Mitochondrial Diseases (2025)

Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are genetic disorders with diverse phenotypes that affect high-energy-demand organs, notably the central nervous system and muscles. Epilepsy is a common comorbidity, affecting 40%-60% of patients with MDs and significantly reducing their quality of life. This review discusses the different treatment modalities for epilepsy in patients with MDs. Advances in genetic sequencing have identified specific mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, enabling more precise d

Evidence suggesting creatine as a new central neurotransmitter: presence in synaptic vesicles, release upon stimulation, effects on cortical neurons and uptake into synaptosomes and synaptic vesicles (2022)

Abstract The discovery of a new neurotransmitter, especially one in the central nervous system (CNS), is both important and difficult. We have been searching for new neurotransmitters for 12 years. We detected creatine (Cr) in synaptic vesicles (SVs), at a level lower than glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) but higher than acetylcholine (ACh) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). SV Cr was reduced in mice lacking either arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT, a Cr synthetase) or SLC

Therapeutic effects of KRM-II-81, positive allosteric modulator for α2/3 subunit containing GABAA receptors, in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome (2023)

<b>Introduction:</b> Dravet syndrome (DS) is an intractable epilepsy syndrome concomitant with neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in infancy. DS is dominantly caused by mutations in the <i>SCN1A</i> gene, which encodes the α subunit of a voltage-gated Na channel. Pre-synaptic inhibitory dysfunction is regarded as the pathophysiological mechanism, but an effective strategy for ameliorating seizures and behavioral problems is still under development. Here, we evaluated the effects of KRM-II-8

FIRES—Pathophysiology, therapeutical approach, and outcome (2022)

Abstract Background The acronym FIRES stands for febrile infection-related epileptic syndrome, which is a rare epileptic syndrome in the pediatric population. The initial presentation of FIRES is similar to febrile seizures (FS). Both start after a febrile episode; however, in FIRES the epileptic seizure evolves into a super refractory status epilepticus within days despite appropriate treatment. FIRES needs to be diagnosed early and treated by a multidisciplinary team to control the status epil

Seriousness and outcomes of reported adverse drug reactions in old and new antiseizure medications: a pharmacovigilance study using EudraVigilance database (2024)

<b>Introduction:</b> Epilepsy is a widespread disease requiring long-term drug treatment. The aim of this study was to collect information on reported suspected adverse drug reactions (sADRs) of antiseizure medications (ASMs) and study their seriousness and outcomes in various system organ classifications (SOCs). We intended to compare old and new ASMs' ADRs. <b>Methods:</b> Using EudraVigilance (EV) database, we extracted line listings of reported sADRs with different ASMs over the period from

Pharmacological Review of Plants and Natural Products with Antiepileptic Effects (2024)

Both recurrent and spontaneous seizures are indications of epilepsy, a disorder of the brain. Around the world, as many as sixty-five million individuals could be influenced, and 80 percent of cases are found in low-income countries. Medicinal herbs are widely utilized to treat and manage epilepsy and convulsions due to their unique healing properties. Through greater research and clinical use, medicinal plants are gaining attention on a global scale because of their potent therapeutic effects a

Therapeutic and toxicological aspects of the use of cannabis and cannabinoids in medicine (2021)

Abstract The legalization of cannabis products for recreational and/or medical use means that our society is now clearly more open to its diffusion. Thus, it is particularly important for people to understand what is known about both the adverse health effects and the potential therapeutic benefits linked to cannabis. The evaluation of the benefit vs adverse effect of cannabis use is generally referred to its recreational use; however, medicinal cannabis is now authorized in several countries, a

FAAH Modulators from Natural Sources: A Collection of New Potential Drugs (2025)

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating immune response, energy metabolism, cognitive functions, and neuronal activity. It consists of endocannabinoids (eCBs), cannabinoid receptors (CBRs), and enzymes involved in eCB biosynthesis and degradation. Increasing evidence highlights the involvement of the ECS under several pathological conditions, making it a promising therapeutic target. Recent research efforts have focused on modulating endogen

Patient with Dravet syndrome: A case report (2022)

Dravet syndrome is rare genetic epilepsy syndrome and epileptic encephalopathy. The patient initially has normal developmental profile with plateau or regression that begins after seizure onset. We report a case of two-year-old child diagnosed as dravet syndrome with moderate cerebral atrophy and ventricular dilatation as rare MRI finding.

The Interplay between the Gut and Ketogenic Diets in Health and Disease (2025)

The gut plays a central role in translating dietary signals into systemic health effects, making it a key mediator of the ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat, low carbohydrate regimen. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the interaction between the KD and the gut, emphasizing gut-mediated mechanisms as an interface between dietary interventions and systemic health outcomes, spanning gastrointestinal to neurological health. Topics address gut physiology (gut digestion and absorption, epithel

Infantile Spasms in Pediatric Down Syndrome: Potential Mechanisms Driving Therapeutic Considerations (2024)

Infantile spasms are common in Down Syndrome (DS), but the mechanisms by which DS predisposes to this devastating epilepsy syndrome are unclear. In general, neuronal excitability and therefore seizure predisposition results from an imbalance of excitation over inhibition in neurons and neural networks of the brain. Animal models provide clues to mechanisms and thereby provide potential therapeutic approaches. Ts65Dn mice have been the most widely used animal model of DS. In this model, there is

Angelman syndrome in Poland: current diagnosis and therapy status—the caregiver perspective: a questionnaire study (2024)

The care of patients with AS in Poland is carried out according to the European and world standards, however there is an impeded access to clinical geneticist, and the knowledge about rare diseases among primary healthcare physicians could be improved. Moreover, access to AS care specialists and coordination of care is limited. There is a need for creation a specialized centers and databases for AS patients.

Palmitoylethanolamide causes dose-dependent changes in brain function and the lipidome (2024)

The present studies were undertaken to understand the effects of the commonly used nutraceutical PEA on brain function and lipid chemistry. These studies using MRI and broad-scale lipidomics are without precedent in animal or human research. During the MRI scanning session awake rats were given one of three doses of PEA (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle and imaged for changes in BOLD signal and functional connectivity. There was an inverse dose-response for negative BOLD suggesting a decrease in b

Real-World Evidence of Factors Affecting Cannabidiol Exposure in Children with Drug-Resistant Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies (2023)

The identification of factors that affect cannabidiol (CBD) systemic exposure may aid in optimizing treatment efficacy and safety in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to correlate CBD plasma concentrations at a steady state to demographic, clinical, and pharmacological characteristics as well as seizure frequency after the administration of a purified CBD oil solution in a real-world setting of children with drug-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). Patients re

Expansion of the phenotypic spectrum of KARS1‐related disorders to include arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and summary of experiences with lysine supplementation (2024)

There are currently multiple disorders of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases described, including KARS1-related disorder resulting from dysfunctional lysyl-tRNA synthetases. In this report, we describe four novel KARS1 variants in three affected individuals, two of whom displayed arthrogryposis-like phenotypes, suggestive of phenotypic expansion. We also highlight subjective clinical improvement in one subject following lysine supplementation in conjunction with a protein-fortified diet, suggesting its

Case Report: Lennox–Gastaut Epileptic Encephalopathy Responsive to Cannabidiol Treatment Associated With a Novel de novo Mosaic SHANK1 Variant (2021)

The SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains (SHANKs) are a family of scaffolding proteins located in excitatory synapses required for their development and function. Molecular defects of SHANK3 are a well-known cause of several neurodevelopmental entities, in particular autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy, whereas relatively little is known about disease associations of SHANK1. Here, we propose a novel <i>de novo</i> mosaic p.(Gly126Arg) <i>SHANK1</i> variant as the monogenic cause of disease