Hemp Research — Page 181

Peer-reviewed industrial hemp research papers, sorted by publication date. Browse the latest findings on hemp cultivation, processing, materials science, biomedical applications, and regulatory science from PubMed, OpenAlex, and other indexed sources.

Epileptic Mechanisms Shared by Alzheimer’s Disease: Viewed via the Unique Lens of Genetic Epilepsy (2021)

Our recent work on genetic epilepsy (GE) has identified common mechanisms between GE and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although both disorders are seemingly unrelated and occur at opposite ends of the age spectrum, it is likely there are shared mechanisms and studies on GE could provide unique insights into AD pathogenesis. Neurodegenerative diseases are typically late-onset disorders, but the underlying pathology may have already occurred long before the clinica

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in epileptogenesis: an update on abnormal mGluRs signaling and its therapeutic implications (2023)

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity, high recurrence, and drug resistance. Enhanced signaling through the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is intricately associated with epilepsy. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G protein-coupled receptors activated by glutamate and are key regulators of neuronal and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulated mGluR signaling has been associated with various neurological disorders, and numerous studies have shown a close

Molecular Pharmacology of Selective Na V 1.6 and Dual Na V 1.6/Na V 1.2 Channel Inhibitors that Suppress Excitatory Neuronal Activity Ex Vivo (2024)

Voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV) inhibitors are used to treat neurological disorders of hyperexcitability such as epilepsy. These drugs act by attenuating neuronal action potential firing to reduce excitability in the brain. However, all currently available NaV-targeting antiseizure medications nonselectively inhibit the brain channels NaV1.1, NaV1.2, and NaV1.6, which potentially limits the efficacy and therapeutic safety margins of these drugs. Here, we report on XPC-7724 and XPC-5462, which

Testing the combined effects of probiotics and prebiotics against neurotoxic effects of propionic acid orally administered to rat pups (2021)

The present study investigated the combined effects of mixed probiotic and bee pollen on brain intoxication induced by propionic acid (PPA) in rat pups. Thirty western albino rats were divided into five groups, six animals each: (1) Control group receiving phosphate-buffered saline; (2) Probiotic and bee pollen-treated group being administered at the same dose with 200 mg/kg body weight; (c) PPA-treated group receiving a neurotoxic dose 250 mg/kg body weight of PPA for 3 days; (d) Therapeutic gr

Practice trends and the outcome of neuromodulation therapies in epilepsy: A single‐center study (2019)

Neuromodulation therapies (VNS, RNS, and DBS) can improve seizure control in persons with epilepsy. However, there is a significant service gap in integrating these therapies in clinical care. Our epilepsy center has established an epilepsy neuromodulation clinic to improve access to patients, communication with referring physicians, track outcome and train future providers in programming neuromodulation devices. We report the (a) treatment outcome of the available neuromodulation therapies (ie,

Role of microRNA‑129 in cancer and non‑cancerous diseases (Review) (2021)

An increasing number of studies indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are involved in diverse biological signaling pathways and play important roles in the progression of various diseases, including both oncological and non-oncological diseases. These small non-coding RNAs can block translation, resulting in a low expression level of target genes. miR-129 is an miRNA that has been the focus of considerable research in recent years. A growing body of evidence shows that the miR-129 family not onl

Centromedian thalamic deep brain stimulation for idiopathic generalized epilepsy: Connectivity and target optimization (2024)

There are limited treatment options for individuals with drug-resistant idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Small, limited case series suggest that centromedian thalamus deep brain stimulation (CM-DBS) may be an effective treatment option. The optimal CM-DBS target for IGE is underexamined. Here, we present a retrospective analysis of CM-DBS targeting and efficacy for five patients with drug-resistant IGE. Volume of tissue activated (VTA) overlap with CM nucleus was performed using an open-so

Intestinal Flora Composition Determines Microglia Activation and Improves Epileptic Episode Progress (2022)

In response to environmental stimuli, immune memory mediates the plasticity of myeloid cells. Immune training and immune tolerance are two aspects of plasticity. Microglia that are immunologically trained or immunologically tolerant are endowed with a tendency to differentiate into alternative dominant phenotypes (M1/M2). Male C57BL/6 mice (immune-training group, immune-tolerant group, and control group) were used to establish the kainic acid epilepsy model. The seizure grade, duration, latency,

Role of inflammasomes and neuroinflammation in epilepsy (2024)

Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which are brief episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the brain and involuntary movement that can lead to physical injury and loss of consciousness. Seizures are canonically accompanied by increased inflammatory cytokine production that promotes neuroinflammation, brain pathology, and seizure propagation. Understanding the source of pro-inflammatory cytokines which promote seizure pathogenesis could be a gateway to precision

Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effect of High-Dose Immunoglobulins in Children: From Approved Indications to Off-Label Use (2023)

In the light of the current imbalance between gammaglobulins' demand and availability, this review advocates the urgency of a more conscious utilization of this medical product, giving indications about benefits, risks, cost-effectiveness, and administration routes of high-dose immunoglobulins in children with hematologic, neurologic, and inflammatory immune dysregulation disorders, prompting further research towards a responsible employment of gammaglobulins and improving the therapeutical deci

Impedance Rhythms in Human Limbic System (2023)

The impedance is a fundamental electrical property of brain tissue, playing a crucial role in shaping the characteristics of local field potentials, the extent of ephaptic coupling, and the volume of tissue activated by externally applied electrical brain stimulation. We tracked brain impedance, sleep-wake behavioral state, and epileptiform activity in five people with epilepsy living in their natural environment using an investigational device. The study identified impedance oscillations that s

Impaired neuronal activity and differential gene expression in STXBP1 encephalopathy patient iPSC-derived GABAergic neurons (2021)

Syntaxin-binding protein 1 (STXBP1; also called MUNC18-1), encoded by STXBP1, is an essential component of the molecular machinery that controls synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. De novo pathogenic variants of STXBP1 cause a complex set of neurological disturbances, namely STXBP1 encephalopathy (STXBP1-E) that includes epilepsy, neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration. Several animal studies have suggested the contribution of GABAergic dysfunction in STXBP1-E pathogenesis. However,