Hemp Research — Page 183

Peer-reviewed industrial hemp research papers, sorted by publication date. Browse the latest findings on hemp cultivation, processing, materials science, biomedical applications, and regulatory science from PubMed, OpenAlex, and other indexed sources.

WWOXdevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathy: Understanding the epileptology and the mortality risk (2023)

Biallelic WWOX pathogenic variants cause an early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy syndrome. The most common seizure types are focal seizures and epileptic spasms. Mortality risk is associated with mutation type; patients with biallelic null WWOX pathogenic variants have significantly lower survival probability compared to those carrying at least one presumed hypomorphic missense pathogenic variant.

Marijuana Use Grid: A Brief, Comprehensive Measure of Marijuana Use (2021)

The present study introduces a brief, yet comprehensive retrospective self-report measure of frequency and quantity of marijuana use: the Marijuana Use Grid (MUG). Using two large samples of college student marijuana users recruited from several universities throughout the United States, we characterized how various indicators of marijuana use frequency and quantity relate to consequences and symptoms of cannabis use disorder (CUD), and whether marijuana use frequency and quantity as assessed by

Severe communication delays are independent of seizure burden and persist despite contemporary treatments in SCN1A+ Dravet syndrome: Insights from the ENVISION natural history study (2023)

Abstract Objective Dravet syndrome (DS) is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by high seizure burden, treatment‐resistant epilepsy, and developmental stagnation. Family members rate communication deficits among the most impactful disease manifestations. We evaluated seizure burden and language/communication development in children with DS. Methods ENVISION was a prospective, observational study evaluating children with DS associated with SCN1A pathogenic variants ( SCN1A

Optimization of Therapy in Patients with Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidities: Key Points (2022)

Psychiatric disorder comorbidity in patients with epilepsy (PWE) is very frequent with a mean percentage prevalence of up to 50% and even higher. Such a high frequency suggests that epilepsy and psychiatric disorders might share common pathological pathways. Various aspects contribute in making the matter very complex from a therapeutic point of view. Some antiseizure medications (ASMs), namely valproic acid, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine, have mood-stabilising effects and are routinely used fo

Thiamine as a Possible Neuroprotective Strategy in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (2021)

On the basis that similar biochemical and histological sequences of events occur in the brain during thiamine deficiency and hypoxia/ischemia related brain damage, we have planned this review to discuss the possible therapeutic role of thiamine and its derivatives in the management of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Among the many benefits, thiamine <i>per se</i> as antioxidant, given intravenously (IV) at high doses, defined as dosage greater than 100 mg IV daily, should counter

Add‐on treatment with cenobamate is already effective at low doses in refractory focal epilepsy: A prospective observational study (2023)

We found a clinically relevant response to cenobamate already at a low daily dose of 100 mg also in a patient cohort with a higher degree of drug resistance than in pivotal trials. Our prospectively collected data provide real-world evidence for high efficacy and good tolerability of the drug, although no standardized treatment protocol or comparison with a control group was applied.

Roles of Microglial Ion Channel in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2021)

As the average age and life expectancy increases, the incidence of both acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) pathologies will increase. Understanding mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation as the common feature of any neurodegenerative pathology, we can exploit the pharmacology of cell specific ion channels to improve the outcome of many CNS diseases. As the main cellular player of neuroinflammation, microglia play a central role in this process. Although microglia are considered non-

Peripheral Routes to Neurodegeneration: Passing Through the Blood–Brain Barrier (2020)

A bidirectional crosstalk between peripheral players of immunity and the central nervous system (CNS) exists. Hence, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is emerging as a participant mechanism of dysregulated peripheral-CNS interplay, promoting diseases. Here, we examine the implication of BBB damage in neurodegeneration, linking it to peripheral brain-directed autoantibodies and gut-brain axis mechanisms. As BBB breakdown is a factor contributing to, or even anticipating, neuronal dysfunction(s)

FreeSurfer based segmentation of hippocampal subfields: a review of methods and applications, with a novel quality control procedure for ENIGMA studies and other collaborative efforts (2020)

Structural hippocampal abnormalities are common in many neurological and psychiatric disorders, and even variation within the normal range is related to cognitive performance and other complex phenotypes such as stress sensitivity. Hippocampal subregions are increasingly studied, as automated algorithms have become available for mapping and volume quantification. In the context of the ENIGMA Consortium, several Disease Working Groups are using the FreeSurfer software to analyze hippocampal subre

Effectiveness and safety of everolimus treatment in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex in real-world clinical practice (2023)

Seizure reduction in this study sample was consistent with results from EXIST, but might be lower than expected, given that changes in concomitant ASMs are part of clinical practice. Seizure reduction was associated with younger age. As with EXIST, everolimus reduced or stabilised rAML size in most patients. SEGA volume was reduced in all three patients. Close follow-up is needed for this group, especially for children and patients who may not be able to report adverse effects.

Candidate Genes for Eyelid Myoclonia with Absences, Review of the Literature (2021)

Eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA), also known as Jeavons syndrome (JS) is a childhood onset epileptic syndrome with manifestations involving a clinical triad of absence seizures with eyelid myoclonia (EM), photosensitivity (PS), and seizures or electroencephalogram (EEG) paroxysms induced by eye closure. Although a genetic contribution to this syndrome is likely and some genetic alterations have been defined in several cases, the genes responsible for have not been identified. In this review,

Use of cannabis in the treatment of animals: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (2022)

Cannabis is used in the treatment of several human conditions; however, its use is still less explored in veterinary medicine. This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence of efficacy and safety of the use of cannabis for the treatment of animal disease. A literature search was performed for studies published until 16 March 2021 in five databases. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that reported the efficacy or safety of cannabis in the treatment of animal disease were included. The RoB

Transient Epileptic Amnesia: A Treatable Cause of Spells Associated With Persistent Cognitive Symptoms (2019)

<b>Objective:</b> To characterize the clinical, EEG, and neuroimaging profiles of transient epileptic amnesia (TEA). <b>Methods:</b> We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with TEA at the Mayo Clinic Minnesota from January 1, 1998 to September 21, 2017. Diagnostic criteria included the presence of recurrent episodes of transient amnesia with preservation of other cognitive functions and evidence for epilepsy [epileptiform abnormalities on EEG, clinical features of seizures,

Development of Antiepileptic Drugs throughout History: From Serendipity to Artificial Intelligence (2023)

This article provides a comprehensive narrative review of the history of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and their development over time. Firstly, it explores the significant role of serendipity in the discovery of essential AEDs that continue to be used today, such as phenobarbital and valproic acid. Subsequently, it delves into the historical progression of crucial preclinical models employed in the development of novel AEDs, including the maximal electroshock stimulation test, pentylenetetrazol-in

Digital Therapeutics for Improving Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Drugs and Biological Products: Preclinical and Clinical Studies Supporting Development of Drug + Digital Combination Therapies for Chronic Diseases (2024)

Limitations of pharmaceutical drugs and biologics for chronic diseases (e.g., medication non-adherence, adverse effects, toxicity, or inadequate efficacy) can be mitigated by mobile medical apps, known as digital therapeutics (DTx). Authorization of adjunct DTx by the US Food and Drug Administration and draft guidelines on "prescription drug use-related software" illustrate opportunities to create drug + digital combination therapies, ultimately leading towards drug-device combination products (

PPAR Gamma and Viral Infections of the Brain (2021)

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a master regulator of metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation and cell cycle, and it has been extensively studied in the brain in relation to inflammation or neurodegeneration. Little is known however about its role in viral infections of the brain parenchyma, although they represent the most frequent cause of encephalitis and are a major threat for the developing brain. Specific to viral infections is the ability to subvert signaling pa

Expert opinion on diagnosis and management of epilepsy‐associated comorbidities (2023)

Apart from seizure freedom, the presence of comorbidities related to neurological, cardiovascular, or psychiatric disorders is the largest determinant of a reduced health-related quality of life in people with epilepsy (PwE). However, comorbidities are often underrecognized and undertreated, and clinical management of comorbid conditions can be challenging. The focus of a comprehensive treatment regimen should maximize seizure control while optimizing clinical management of treatable comorbiditi